Hydration

Running often increases sweat rate versus outdoor cycling, but airflow and indoor trainer setup can flip the result. Test each sport separately.

A science-backed guide to preventing exercise-associated hyponatremia with context-specific fluid and sodium targets for marathon and ultra athletes.

The Precision Hydration Pilocarpine Sweat Test was progress, but a resting sweat test is not the finish line. Precision hydration deserves credit: they were the first ones that pushed athletes from generic advice toward personalization. The problem is what happens next. Many athletes take a pilocarpine sweat sodium test at rest and then turn that…

Understanding your body’s electrolyte losses is key to optimizing hydration and performance. Many athletes turn to companies like Precision Hydration (PF&H) for personalized guidance. Their test uses a pilocarpine-based sweat stimulation method, a procedure derived from clinical cystic fibrosis diagnostics. Pilocarpine is applied to a small skin area (typically the forearm) to artificially induce sweat,…

When you’re training or competing in hot conditions, staying hydrated isn’t just about drinking water—it’s about replacing the sodium and other electrolytes lost in sweat. Many athletes reach for salt capsules as a convenient way to get sodium on the go. But is swallowing a salt capsule really the most effective method to keep your…

A science-based deep dive into sweat-sodium precision 1. Why the “bucket” approach became popular Most practical guides group athletes into three sweat-sodium “buckets”: Bucket Whole-body sweat [Na⁺] Typical drink recipe Low < 30 mmol L⁻¹ ( < 700 mg L⁻¹) 500 mg Na L⁻¹ Medium 30–50 mmol L⁻¹ ( 700–1 150 mg L⁻¹) 1000 mg Na L⁻¹ High…